Typography

Typography Tutorials, Articles, and Books

The Typography Articles and Tutorials section includes annotated links to helpful articles and tutorials on Web site typography, such as choosing fonts for Web sites, accessible typography, readability, white space, CSS typography techniques, design and typography for Web sites, and image replacement techniques (IFR, sIFR, swfIR, others) with CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and more. You'll also find articles, tutorials on font design and creation, and short reviews of recommended books on typography, fonts, and lettering.

Do you know of some good typography articles, tutorials, books, or other resources related to typography or fonts for Web sites? Recommendations are welcome and encouraged!

On this page:

Articles and Tutorials on Typography in General
Articles and Tutorials on Web Site Typography
Font Design and Creation
Recommended Books on Typography

Also within Typography:

Books on Typography and Design
Recommended by WebsiteTips.com

Read short reviews and find more book recommendations on Web site-related topics in our Recommended Books, Software section!

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Articles and Tutorials on Typography in General

A Brief Introduction to Typography
Brief and concise but covers helpful information with examples of each: Design, Basic Type Anatomy, Major Typeface Classifications, Letterspacing, Type Measurement, Font-Type Definitions. [Article/tutorial part of art course handouts for Western Illinois University (WIU) Art Department.]
Digital Design Manual: Typography
Excellent series on typography by Joan M. Mas, freelance illustrator, graphic designer, type designer. A must read. This section of the Digital Design Manual on typography includes: Introduction, Impeccable texts: basic rules of typography, Choosing type, Dingbats. [Article/tutorial by Joan M. Mas, Typephases Design.]
dot-font: The Best Brochure Fonts
Helpful article/tutorial on how to choose great typefaces for longer publications, such as brochures, flyers, or booklets. Also includes tips on what to avoid and why. You'll also find plenty of screenshots along the way showing good examples, bad examples, etc. [Article/tutorial dated 11/15/2006, by John D. Berry, for creativepro.com.]
dot-font: Expressive Typography
Paying attention to the shapes of letters and using them as an essential element is key to typography, as explained and shown with plenty of screenshot examples in this terrific article by John Berry. “Using letters as shapes can give life and dramatic flair to your designs. John D. Berry shows some expressive examples.” [Article/tutorial dated 11/17/2003, by John D. Berry, for creativepro.com.]
dot-font: The Visual Language of Letters, Signs, and Symbols
Discussion and examples from Isabelle Rozenbaum's PhotoAlto CD-ROM 'Moving Typography. “By capturing type in action, French photographer Isabelle Rozenbaum shows us the art — and meaning — in the lettering around us every day.” [Article/tutorial dated 08/10/2000, by John D. Berry, for creativepro.com.]
Five Simple Steps to Better Typography
A wonderfully written five-part tutorial series on typography. Series: 1. Measure the measure, 2. Hanging punctuation, 3. Ligatures, 4. Typographic Hierarchy - size, 5. Typographic Hierarchy - weight. [Article/tutorial dated 04/13/2005, by Mark Boulton, Journal: Mark Boulton.]
The Next Big Thing in Online Type
Discussion, reviews, screenshot examples, and details about Microsoft's ClearType Font Collection for Windows Vista - Calibri, Cambria, Candara, Consolas, Constantia, Corbel: “six brand new typefaces created especially for extended on-screen reading.” [Article/tutorial dated 03/07/2005, by Anne Van Wagener, for Poynter Online.]
Titles: Heading Elements
A multi-part tutorial series on typography for headings, including Create a Headline Hierarchy, How to Write Effective Headlines, How to Choose Fonts for Headlines, Secondary headings including kickers, decks, and subheads, and more. [Articles/tutorials by Jacci Howard Bear, Your Guide to Desktop Publishing, About.com.]
Type Palettes
As Green explains, type palettes are a combination of typefaces that work together to evoke a certain mood or emotion. Included are quite a few screenshot examples of a variety of moods and looks, along with the names of each font and where to find them. [Article/tutorial by Chuck Green, Ideabook.]
Typography as Communication (pdf)
Helpful references on using type, type designers, contemporary type, and magazines. Use and purpose of typography, words and type, content and form, designer as typographer as interpreter, readability and legibility, consider your audience, typography needs to be felt, advice, brief history outline, fine artists who use typography as a major element in their work, type designers, contemporary type designers, more. Excellent lecture notes and helpful resource. [Article/tutorial dated 03/09/1997, by Kent Manske and Nanette Wylde, Lecture Notes, Handouts & References, Art 250 Introduction to Computer Art, CSU Chico.]
Typography in Book Design
Typography lecture notes from a course on book publishing. Typography considerations, basic rules, letter form parts and definitions, typeface classifications, common classification families, layout considerations, resources, more. Excellent notes. [Article/tutorial dated 08/2006, by William C. Robinson, for IS 561: Contemporary Book Publishing [U.S.].]
What is the best way to choose or mix and match fonts?
“There are no absolutely right or wrong ways to choose fonts or mix different fonts. However, there are a few accepted standards that can speed up the font selection process and generally result in typographically attractive and readable compositions. These guidelines won't always work for you, but nine times out of ten they'll give you the results you want with the least amount of trial and error.” [Articles/tutorials by Jacci Howard Bear, Your Guide to Desktop Publishing, About.com.]

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Articles and Tutorials on Web Site Typography

Choosing Fonts for Web Sites

As you probably know, reading on-screen is quite different from reading print, so your font choices are necessarily different as well. The articles, tutorials below provide helpful insight to help you determine appropriate fonts for your Web sites. You'll find information on readability, usability, accessibility, line length, and more.

A Comparison of Popular Online Fonts: Which is Best and When?
By Michael Bernard, Melissa Mills, Michelle Peterson, & Kelsey Storrer for Usability News, Summer 2001. Excellent study and findings about font faces and sizes used on the Web. [Article dated Summer 2001, by Michael Bernard, Melissa Mills, Michelle Peterson, for Usability News.]
All You Wanted to Know About Web Type but were Afraid to Ask
How to choose fonts and the choices available and why for PCs, Macs with discussion of commonly available fonts on computers, use of CSS, “safe choices” of fonts, and the best fonts to choose and why. Communication arts. [07/2004, by Joe Gillespie, Web Page Design for Designers.]
Best Fonts for the Web
[Article/tutorial dated 11/16/2006, by Kathy Marks, for KathyMarks.com.]
The Effect of Website Typeface Appropriateness on the Perception of a Company's Ethos
The results of a study comparing identical content using 3 different typefaces - measures credibility, believability, overall impression and more. The typefaces used made a remarkable difference in users' overall perception of the company. Fascinating study. From the site:
This study investigated the effect of website typeface appropriateness on the perception of the site's company. Results indicate that typefaces that are high in appropriateness should be used for websites. Neutral and low appropriate typefaces significantly decreased the perception of the company as judged by professionalism, believability, trust, and intent to act on the site.
[Article/tutorial dated 09/02/2007, by A. Dawn Shaikh, for Usability News.]
Examining the Legibility of Two New ClearType Fonts
This article reports on their study of the readability and usability of the new Cambria and Constantia fonts compared with the traditional Times New Roman. The overall findings are positive for the new Cambria and Constantia fonts, and the article goes into helpful, insightful detail about these two fonts. An important note also discussed in this study is to consider and determine the possibility of confusion of some symbols and letters when making your font choices for whatever purpose you have in mind. In fact, depending on its use, this confusion could even impact safety - they note an air traffic controller who misread character codes on his monitor and accidentally sent an aircraft to a wrong location. While your own website might not provide content that could impact safety concerns, your font choices can make a difference in readability and potentially confusing letters and symbols. Those choices could impact your return visitor results, online sales, and more. From the site:
This study sought to investigate and compare the legibility of two new ClearType fonts, Cambria and Constantia, to the traditional serif font Times New Roman. Results show the legibility, as measured by the number of correct identifications of briefly presented characters, was highest for the new font Cambria, followed by Constantia, and then Times New Roman. Percent correct identification was high for the letter characters for all three fonts. Old style digits, such as 0,1, and 2, used in Constantia resulted in confusion with the letters o, l, and z. Symbols, which were confused with both letters and other symbols, were the most confused characters in Times New Roman. Overall, the findings were positive for the new ClearType fonts.
[Article dated 08/01/2006, by Barbara S. Chaparro, A. Dawn Shaikh, Alex Chaparro, for Usability News.]
Font Families for the Web: How to Decide Which Font Family to Use - Serif, Sans-Serif, Monospace, Script, Fantasy [Article dated 2005, by Jennifer Kyrnin, About.com's Guide to Web Design / HTML.]
Great Fonts for Web 2.0
Nine examples with screenshots of new popular trends in fonts for the Web. Examples include American Typewriter, Clarendon, Din Engschrift, Frutiger, Helvetica, ITC Officina, Interstate, Myriad, VAG Rounded, screenshots and information about each. [Article/tutorial dated 11/13/2006, by Stuart Brown, Modern Life.]
How should text be presented within a Web site?
by Michael L. Bernard for SURL (Software Usability Research Laboratory), part of the series Criteria for optimal Web design (designing for usability). Fantastic article based on solid research that explains the results of studies for a variety of fonts, font sizes, discusses serif vs. sans serif, line lengths, background colors and texture, contrast, more. The article discusses a variety of age groups, too. Very insightful, helpful article.
A must read article. [Article dated 02/08/2003 by Michael L. Bernard, for SURL.]
New Vista Fonts & The Web
Discussion and examples of several new fonts included with Windows Vista: Cambria, Calibri, Candara, Consolas, Constantia, and Corbel. Brown also writes about the fonts that each of these could replace and why. Interesting read, good info about each font. [Article/tutorial dated 02/03/2007, by Stuart Brown, Modern Life.]
So, What Size and Type of Font Should I Use on My Website?
by M. Bernard and M. Mills, Usability News, Summer 2000. Study done with IBM compatible computers comparing readability of various fonts and sizes. Interesting, helpful info. [Article dated Summer 2000, by Bernard and M. Mills, Usability News.]
Typography: Anti-Aliasing [By Joe Gillespie, Web Page Design for Designers.]
Using Special Characters on Web Pages: Cross-Platform Considerations
by Bob Baumel. Advice on special characters that work cross-platform for PC, Mac, and Unix, concentrating on ISO 8859-1 character set, also known as ISO Latin-1, and also some on Unicode. [by Bob Baumel]
Why Do Some Beautiful Fonts in Print Look Horrible on the Web?
How font size, aliasing, anti-aliasing and more impacts fonts on the Web. [04/30/2002, by Shirley Kaiser, for Brainstorms and Raves.]

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For more on cross-browser typography, sizing fonts, image replacement techniques, or font sizing and accessibility:

Accessibility and Typography

Accessible Web Typography
Highly recommended, by Jim Byrne, recognized accessibility expert. Sections of this tutorials include making good font choices, text size, and usability. Covers a lot of important and helpful information about your Web site's typography. As the book cover states, “Learn how to take control of the text on your Web pages, comply with accessibility guidelines and laws, create text that is Section 508 compliant, increase the usability of your Web site, attract more visitors to your site.” You can also purchase this as a downloadable ebook in PDF format. [Tutorial series by Jim Byrne, ScotConnect.]
Don't Fake Your Markup: Accessibility Issues for CSS
Article/tutorial discusses the importance of using the appropriate markup for your site - headings, paragraphs, list items, more, and using CSS for your typography, font styling. Examples, links to resources, more. [Article/tutorial dated 05/14/2002, by Shirley Kaiser, SKDesigns, for Brainstorms and Raves.]

See also Accessibility Tutorials, Resources, and Books for helpful articles, tutorials, and more on accessible Web sites.

Readability, White Space, and Typography

Line height, line length, letter spacing, margins, and the use of white space can make a huge difference in readability and an aesthetically pleasing layout and design.

The Effects of Line Length on Reading Online News
Insightful article on the impact of line length when reading news onscreen. As the introduction states, “Shaikh and Chaparro (2004) found that 62% of respondents preferred to read news onscreen rather than on paper. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of line length on reading performance of online news articles. This study investigated the effects of four line lengths (35, 55, 75, and 95 cpl) on reading speed, comprehension, and satisfaction.” [Article dated 07/02/2005, by A. Dawn Shaikh, for Usability News.]
How should text be presented within a Web site?
by Michael L. Bernard for SURL (Software Usability Research Laboratory), part of the series Criteria for optimal Web design (designing for usability). Fantastic article based on solid research that explains the results of studies for a variety of fonts, font sizes, discusses serif vs. sans serif, line lengths, background colors and texture, contrast, more. The article discusses a variety of age groups, too. Very insightful, helpful article.
A must read article. [Article dated 02/08/2003 by Michael L. Bernard, for SURL.]
Reading Online Text: A Comparison of Four White Space Layouts
Fascinating article about the results of a study done comparing various white space layouts. Per their summary: “Summary: In this study, reading performance with four white space layouts was compared. Margins surrounding the text and leading (space between lines) were manipulated to generate the four white space conditions. Results show that the use of margins affected both reading speed and comprehension in that participants read the Margin text slower, but comprehended more than the No Margin text. Participants were also generally more satisfied with the text with margins. Leading was not shown to impact reading performance but did influence overall user preference.” [06/02/2004, by Barbara Chaparro, J. Ryan Baker, A. Dawn Shaikh, Spring Hull, & Laurie Brady, for Usability News.]

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CSS, Typography, and CSS Typography Techniques

CSS Typography
Tutorial covers line height, letter spacing, cross-browser, cross-platform default fonts and considerations, text sizing, and a variety of available CSS styles that can work well and are supported by modern browsers. Plenty of links to more information, too. [Article/tutorial dated 01/16/2006, by Garrett Dimon, for Digital Web Magazine.]
How to Size Text with CSS: Create User-friendly Web Site Font Sizes with CSS Relative Font Sizing
Looking for an easy way to designate CSS font sizes for your website that will work well with modern, mainstream browsers for Windows or Mac computers? Need to also make sure your website's font size approach is universally accessible, meets W3C's WAI Accessibility Guidelines, U.S. Section 508 requirements, or other accessibility requirements? This tutorial will show you one possibility that can meet those needs by using CSS relative font sizing. [Article/tutorial dated 11/25/2007, by Shirley Kaiser, for WebsiteTips.com's CSS Tutorials, Articles, Tips section.]
How to size text using ems
Insightful tutorial with examples, CSS, and explanations of how to use the CSS em unit element for flexible font sizing for your entire site. [Article/tutorial dated 11/18/2004, by Richard Rutter, Clagnut.]

For more on typography using CSS, see also WebsiteTips.com's CSS Tutorials, Resources, Books section:

Design and Typography for Web Sites

Text as Design
By Wendy Peck, Webreference.com. Great multi-faceted article about using text to create some very inspiring designs. Includes several Web site examples, too. Reviews ideas with several graphics programs - Photoshop, PaintShop Pro, CorelDraw, Fireworks, Flash, and links to more resources. [02/15/00 by Wendy Peck, Graphics Experts, WebReference.com]

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Image Replacement Techniques

Dynamic Text Replacement
Stewart Rosenberger's Dynamic Text Replacement technique will automatically swap text with an image of that text displayed in the font of your choice. Uses PHP and JavaScript. [Article/tutorial dated 06/15/2004, by Stewart Rosenberger, for A List Apart.]
IFR, an FIR Alternative
A dynamic text replacement technique that uses Flash, JavaScript, CSS, and well-structured markup, by Shaun Inman. See comments along with the tutorial and explanation. [Article/tutorial dated 04/19/2004, by Shaun Inman, for ShaunInman.com.]
Image Replacement
Peter-Paul Koch's tutorial about using JavaScript (no CSS, PHP, or Flash required) for image replacement. Includes instructions, explanation, browser compatibility, and other information for this accessible approach. [Article/tutorial dated 10/2004, by Peter-Paul Koch, Quirksmode.]
Revised Image Replacement
Excellent rundown of various techniques for dynamic image replacements, primarily used for headings, to provide specific fonts for headings while also being widely accessible. Covers Classic FIR and quite a few others. Note that none of the techniques as of the article date resolve the accessibility and cross-browser issues. Great summary of what was going on late 2003, early 2004. [Article dated 03/2004, by Dave Shea, mezzoblue.]
Image Replacement. Again.
As the author states, “Since there are still lingering questions about image replacement, this is the state of CSS image replacement in early 2005.” [Article dated 03/30/2005, by Dave Shea, mezzoblue.]
sIFR 2.0: Rich Accessible Typography for the Masses
sIFR (Scalable Inman Flash Replacement) is a dynamic image replacement technique using JavaScript, CSS, and Flash. It's also fully accessible to screenreaders and other assistive technology. This approach just might be the most widely accessible solution so far. “As the author states, sIFR is meant to replace short passages of plain browser text with text rendered in your typeface of choice, regardless of whether or not your users have that font installed on their systems. It accomplishes this by using a combination of javascript, CSS, and Flash.” You can read all the details here, download the files needed, along with the instructions. There's also a Wiki and a forum for discussion and much more. [Article/tutorial dated 04/27/2005, by Mike Davidson, Mike Industries.]
sIFR 3
Mark Wubben takes over heading up work on the next version of sIFR, sIFR 3. Learn more about it here, join the mailing list, get involved, and more here. [sFIR articles, information by Mark Wubben, Novemberborn.]
swfIR (swf Image Replacement)
The swfIR approach can “help solve some of the design limitations of the standard HTML image and its widely-accepted associated CSS values, while still supporting standards-based design concepts. Using the dark arts of JavaScript and Flash, swfIR gives you the ability to apply an assortment of visual effects to any or all images on your website. Through progressive enhancement, it looks through your page and can easily add some new flavor to standard image styling.” Download the files from the site that includes instructions. Samples include the ability to have elastic images, rotate images and have multiple rotated images on the same page, and add rounded corners to images. Licensed under the CC-GNU LPGL, and donations appreciated. [Dated 2006-2007, by Jon Aldinger, Mark Huot, Dan Mall. swfIR.com.]

For more on image replacement techniques (Flash, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, more):

For more on typography using CSS, see also:

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Font Design and Creation Articles, Tutorials

Bits and Pieces of Type: Basic Typeface Anatomy
Helpful tutorial series that covers the basics of typeface anatomy. Communication arts. [Tutorial by Jacci Howard Bear, About.com's Desktop Publishing Guide.]
Differences Between Font Formats
Helpful information about PostScript, TrueType, and OpenType font formats, explaining each one in an easy-to-understand way. [Article by ITC.]
How To Create Pixel Fonts
Step-by-step tutorial on how to create pixel fonts using Font Creator Program, by High-Logic, or Macromedia Fontographer. [Tutorial by Cal Henderson, iamcal.com.]
How To Make Your Own Fonts [Tutorial series by Chank Diesel, The Chank Company.]
Letter-Making Tutorial
Very help general tips on how to manipulate various shapes into different letters. It's not an introductory tutorial and assumes you're already familiar with at least the basics of font creation. [Tutorial by Dan, Iconian Fonts.]

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Recommended Books on Typography

Avant-Garde Page Design 1900-1950
by Jaroslav Andel. Published by Delano Greenidge Editions. Rave reviews from the New York Times, many others. This beautifully crafted book “shows how page design emerged as a highly sophisticated form of art in its own right, and directly or indirectly, prefigured the communication revolution we are undergoing today.” It's a fascinating book with images from more than 250 artists of the printed page. Great book for anyone interested in typography or design and layout. This book has a place of honor on my coffee table, and even friends who know nothing about the subject are fascinated looking through it. I get a lot of inspiration from it, too, with my Web site design and layout work.
Design with Type
By Carl Dair. University of Toronto Press (June 14, 2000). Highly recommended, popular book on design and typography. Canadian typographer, teacher, and font designer (now deceased), Carl Dair's Design with Type is a classic “must have” book on design and type. Grab your copy of Design with Type now while you can still buy it.
From Richard Miller's Book_Arts-L discussion list correspondence,
Dair's book is surprisingly unknown outside of Canada, except among older typographic designers in the US, Britain and, interestingly, Scandinavia, although it has been in print continuously for 30 years. Dair was fairly well known in the 50s (he won a silver medal at Leipzig in '59) and was invited to particpate in an international Bible typography exhibition... His book was published in '67 (following an earlier version in '52) and was one of the AIGA 50 Books of the Year.
It is an excellent introduction to typographic design but falls somewhat short as a manual of typography (which he didn't intend it to be). He points out in his preface that his unfair assumption (in the first book) that readers would have a basic understanding of typography has been rectified by the addition of a new chapter for those “students of typography who [have] never held a composing stick.” Nonetheless, his explanation and illustration of the (seven, I think) principles of harmony and contrast set a standard which, to my mind, is unmatched today. As Ron said: “simple, straightforward and easy-to-read, and yet still comprehensive.”
From the publisher:
Design with Type takes the reader through a study of typography that starts with the individual letter and proceeds through the word, the line, and the mass of text. The contrasts possible with type are treated in detail, along with their applications to the typography of books, advertising, magazines, and information data. The various contending schools oftypography are discussed, copiously illustrated with the author's selection of over 150 examples of imaginative typography from many parts ot the world.
Design with Type differs from all other books on typography in that it discusses type as a design material as well as a means of communication: the premise is that if type is understood in terms of design, the user of type will be better able to work with it to achieve maximum legibility and effectiveness, as well as aesthetic pleasure. Everyone who uses type, everyone who enjoys the appearance of the printed word, will find Design with Type informative and fascinating. It provides, too, an outstanding example of the effectiveness of imaginative and tasteful typographic design.
The Elements of Typographic Style, Version 3
By Robert Bringhurst. Third Edition published by Hartley and Marks Publishers, October 9, 2004. Now considered one of the standard books on typography that anyone interested in typography should own and read thoroughly. Amazon.com states,
This lovely, well-written book is concerned foremost with creating beautiful typography and is essential for professionals who regularly work with typographic designs. Author Robert Bringhurst writes about designing with the correct typeface; striving for rhythm, proportion, and harmony; choosing and combining type; designing pages; using section heads, subheads, footnotes, and tables; applying kerning and other type adjustments to improve legibility; and adding special characters, including punctuation and diacritical marks. The Elements of Typographic Style teaches the history of and the artistic and practical perspectives on a variety of type families that are available in Europe and America today.
The last section of the book classifies and displays many type families, offers a glossary of typography terms, and lists type designers and type foundries. The book briefly mentions digital typography, but otherwise ignores it, focusing instead on general typography and page- and type-design issues. Its examples include text in a variety of languages—including English, Russian, German, and Greek—which is particularly helpful if your work has a multinational focus.
All in all, The Elements of Typographic Style is a highly recommended book for anyone wanting to learn about typography.
Logo, Font, & Lettering Bible
By Leslie Cabarga. Published by How Design Books, March, 2004. Logo, Font, & Lettering Bible has received countless incredibly positive endorsements and reviews from peers, students, educators, and many others. The reviews and comments make it clear that there is much to be learned within this book, even for experienced typographers or logo designers. The author states,
The book is mainly about how to draw letters in Illustrator and Fontographer, how to turn those letters into logos and fonts, and how to understand what makes a piece of lettering or a font good or bad. It's got tons of examples of great work from dozens of contributors and from many eras. There is also a business section with advice on making sales, and finding and working with clients.
I, personally, have never found a book on this subject that goes into as much detail on every aspect of letter construction as mine does. It's got basic info for students as well as sophisticated techniques for experienced pros.
Visit also the online companion for the book, Logo, Font, & Lettering, where you can read more about the book, reviews, and more information.
New Typographic Design
by Roger Fawcett-Tang. Published by Yale University Press (May 21, 2007). Author of several successful and influential books, New Typographic Design is bound to be another popular and well-received book by Roger Fawcett-Tang. From the publisher:
As printing and design technologies have evolved over the past decade, so too have designers' approaches to type design and typography. Today's innovative designers have overturned established rules about type, turning letters into images and using typefaces in increasingly experimental ways. New Typographic Design covers a wide variety of applications from design for print—ranging from books, magazines, and brochures—to signage systems and screen-based typography, presenting the most current trends and directions of modern typography.
The book's introduction discusses changing attitudes to innovation in typography through the 19th and 20th centuries, including the changing role of the designer, the question of legibility versus form, how type has become image, and the differing requirements for screen-based and print-based type. Four accompanying sections illustrate the key areas of typography today: type as form (how can existing type be handled in order to create an original design?), type as image (designs inspired by vernacular typography and noted for their hand-drawn aesthetic), type as experiment (the work of designers who push the boundaries of typographic recognition and legibility), and type in motion (how type can function in a three-dimensional or screen-based environment).
Authored by esteemed designer Roger Fawcett-Tang, this lavishly illustrated volume will provide a rich source of inspiration for both practicing designers and students.
Featured designers include:
- Philippe Apeloig (France)
- Ruedi Baur (France, Switzerland)
- Oded Ezer (Israel)
- Grandpeople (Norway)
- Non-Format (England)
- Sagmeister (U.S.A.)
- Helmut Schmid (Germany)
- Stiletto Design (U.S.A.)
- Struktur Design (England)
- 3 Deep Design (Australia)
The author's Web site: Struktur Design.
Thinking with Type: A Critical Guide for Designers, Writers, Editors, & Students
By Ellen Lupton. Published by Princeton Architectural Press, November, 2005. Many educators are using this best-selling book to teach typography, and students are learning a lot from it. This book provides a helpful introduction to typography in clear, easy-to-understand language, and includes essays, examples, and practical guidance. Author Ellen Lupton has also authored and co-authored numerous highly regarded books on type design, graphic design, and related topics. See also the online companion to the book, Thinking with Type (online companion) with great information about type, including theory and practice, terms, examples, bibliography, tools for teachers.